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We explore the strengths and limitations of using a standard Michelsoninterferometer to sample line-of-sight-averaged temperature in water via twoexperimental setups: slow-varying temperature in static fluid and fasttemperature variations in convective flow. The high precision of ourmeasurements (a few mK) is enabled by the fast response time and highsensitivity of the interferometer to minute changes in the refractive index ofwater caused by temperature variations. These features allow us to detect thesignature of fine fluid dynamical patterns in convective flow in a fullynon-intrusive manner. For example, we are able to observe an asymmetry in therising thermal plume (i.e. an asynchronous arrival of two counter-rotatingvortices at the measurement location), which is not possible to resolve withmore traditional (and invasive) techniques, such as RTD (Resistance TemperatureDetector) sensors. These findings, and the overall reliability of our method,are further corroborated by means of Particle Image Velocimetry and Large EddySimulations. While this method presents inherent limitations (mainly stemmingfrom the line-of-sight-averaged nature of its results), its non-intrusivenessand robustness, along with the ability to readily yield real-time, highlyaccurate measurements, render this technique very attractive for a wide rangeof applications in experimental fluid dynamics.

High-precision interferometric measurement of slow and fast temperature changes in static fluid and convective flow