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Three-dimensional vortical structures and their interaction over a low-aspect-ratio thin wing have been studied via particle image velocimetry at the chord Reynolds number of    $$10^5$$    10  5     . The maximum lift of this thin wing is found at an angle of attack of    $$42^\circ$$    42  ∘     . The flow separates at the leading-edge and reattaches to the wing surface, forming a strong leading-edge vortex which plays an important role on the total lift. The results show that the induced velocity of the tip vortex increases with the angle of attack, which helps reattach the separated flow and maintains the leading-edge vortex. Turbulent mixing indicated by the high Reynolds stress can be observed near the leading-edge due to an intense interaction between the leading-edge vortex and the tip vortex; however, the reattachment point of the leading-edge vortex moves upstream closer to the wing tip.    Graphic abstract

Interplay of the leading-edge vortex and the tip vortex of a low-aspect-ratio thin wing