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Turbofan engine performance depends highly on the characteristics andconditions of the inlet flow. Swirl distortions, caused by non-uniformities inflows arising from boundary layer or ground/fuselage vortex ingestion are ofconcern and need to be fully understood to guarantee efficiency and safety ofpropulsion systems. To investigate a fundamental single-vortex distortiondevelopment in a duct at different Reynolds numbers, a StreamVane distortiongenerating device was designed and experimentally analyzed in a small-scalelow-speed wind tunnel (ReD 500,000) and in a full-scale engine testing rig (ReD3 million). Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry was used to measure thethree-component velocity fields at discrete measurement planes downstream ofthe distortion device. Results show that the secondary flow is generated anddevelops very similarly in both scales, and is mostly driven by two-dimensional(2D) vortex dynamics. Induced velocities arising from the proximity of thevortex to the duct wall causes the vortex center to convect circumferentiallyaround the duct, in the same sense as the vortex rotation, as it travelsdownstream. Small-scale turbulence results show small-scale instabilitiesrelated to the development of the vortex. This work shows that the developmentof this vane-generated, vortex-dominated flow is largely Reynolds numberindependent for the covered range, so that details of similar duct-boundedflows can be analyzed in depth in small-scale experiments, decreasingdevelopment efforts and cost.

Vortical Flow Development in Round Ducts Across Scales for Engine Inlet Applications