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This paper examines the velocity profile of fuel issuing from a high-pressuresingle-orifice diesel injector. Velocities of liquid structures were determinedfrom time-resolved ultrafast shadow images, formed by an amplified two-pulselaser source coupled to a double-frame camera. A statistical analysis of thedata over many injection events was undertaken to map velocities related tospray formation near the nozzle outlet as a function of time after start ofinjection. These results reveal a strong asymmetry in the liquid profile of thetest injector, with distinct fast and slow regions on opposite sides of theorifice. Differences of ~100 m/s can be observed between the 'fast' and 'slow'sides of the jet, resulting in different atomization conditions across thespray. On average, droplets are dispersed at a greater distance from the nozzleon the 'fast' side of the flow, and distinct macrostructure can be observedunder the asymmetric velocity conditions. The changes in structural velocityand atomization behavior resemble flow structures which are often observed inthe presence of string cavitation produced under controlled conditions inscaled, transparent test nozzles. These observations suggest that widely usedcommon-rail supply configurations and modern injectors can potentially generateasymmetric interior flows which strongly influence diesel spray morphology. Thevelocimetry measurements presented in this work represent an effective andrelatively straightforward approach to identify deviant flow behavior in realdiesel sprays, providing new spatially resolved information on fluid structureand flow characteristics within the shear layers on the jet periphery.

Velocity measurements in the near field of a diesel fuel injector by ultrafast imagery