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cancer with the recognition that it represents not a single entity but rather a family of tumors having a wide spectrum of behaviors and risks, while advances and increased utilization of abdominal imaging and clinical staging have led to the increased detection of incidental, lower stage, organ-confined, often indolent tumors more amendable to expanded surgical options. New research results have challenged even the concept of surgery for all rCCs itself, advocating the initial deferment of active treatment in elderly patients and in those with significant comorbidities [2]. Surgical techniques themselves have evolved to include routine use of nephron sparing techniques even in the presence of a normal contralateral kidney, and both radical and partial nephrectomy have themselves further evolved to include laparoscopic and robotic-assisted minimally invasive approaches, while advances in the development of energy ablative technology such as cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation that can be delivered percutaneously have advanced to make possible new methods of managing renal tumors in situ. thus, the surgical management of rCC has changed dramatically approaches to the surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma (rCC) are rapidly evolving. the foundations for what became the generally accepted principles underlying the surgical management of rCC for the latter third of the twentieth century were first annunciated in 1969 by robson et al. [1] in his classic paper describing the radical nephrectomy. Since that era, when the majority of renal tumors were large and already locally advanced at the time of diagnosis, much has changed in our understanding of the basic biology of kidney

The contemporary role on surgery in the management of renal masses