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We report on the experimental and theoretical interpretation of thediffraction of a probe beam during inscription of a surface relief grating withan interference pattern into a photo-responsive polymer film. For this wedeveloped a set-up allowing for the simultaneous recording of the diffractionefficiency (DE), the fine structure of the diffraction spot and thetopographical changes, in situ and in real time while the film is irradiated.The time dependence of the DE, as the surface relief deepens, follows a Besselfunction exhibiting maxima and minima. The size of the probe beam relative tothe inscribed grating (i.e., to the size of the writing beams) matters and hasto be considered for the interpretation of the DE signal. It is also at theorigin of a fine structure within the diffraction spot where ring-shapedfeatures appear once an irradiation time corresponding to the first maximum ofthe DE has been exceeded.

Solving an old puzzle: fine structure of diffraction spots from an azo-polymer surface relief grating