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We measured the rate of velocity-changing collisions (VCCs) between alkaliatoms and background gas in buffer-gas-free anti-relaxation-coated cells. Theaverage VCC rate in paraffin-coated rubidium vapor cells prepared in this workwas $1 \times 10^{6}$ s$^{-1}$, which corresponds to $\sim 1$ mm in the meanfree path of rubidium atoms. This short mean free path indicates that thebackground gas is not negligible in the sense that alkali atoms do not travelfreely between the cell walls. In addition, we found that a heating processknown as "ripening" increases the VCC rate, and also confirmed that ripeningimproves the anti-relaxation performance of the coatings.

Non-negligible collisions of alkali atoms with background gas in buffer-gas-free cells coated with paraffin