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We report the formation of ordered sub-micron periodic surface domains on the –z face of congruent undoped lithium niobate single crystals induced by pulsed ultraviolet laser illumination of the sample faces under specific irradiation conditions. We demonstrate the utility of this simple light-induced technique for achieving periodic domain inversion and investigate the nature and spatial structure of these nano-domains by scanning force microscopy. We also demonstrate subsequent re-inversion of a small region of these light-induced nano-domains using scanning force microscopy.

Ultraviolet laser-induced sub-micron periodic domain formation in congruent undoped lithium niobate crystals