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We determine the laser-induced ablation threshold fluence in air of aluminumand tungsten excited by single near-infrared laser pulses with duration rangingfrom 15 fs to 100 fs. The ablation threshold fluence is shown constant for bothmetals, extending the corresponding scaling metrics to few-optical-cycle laserpulses. Meanwhile, the reflectivity is measured providing access to thedeposited energy in the studied materials on a wide range of pulse durationsand incident fluences below and above the ablation threshold. A simulationapproach, based on the two-temperature model and the Drude-Lorentz model, isdeveloped to describe the evolution of the transient thermodynamic and opticalcharacteristics of the solids (lattice and electronic temperatures,reflectivity) following laser excitation. The confrontation betweenexperimental results and simulations highlights the importance of considering adetailed description and evolution of the density of states in transitionmetals like tungsten.

Investigation of ultrashort laser excitation of aluminum and tungsten by reflectivity measurements