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A comparative study is performed to explore the periodic structure formationupon intense femtosecond pulsed irradiation of dielectrics with radially andazimuthally polarised beams. Laser conditions have been selected appropriatelyto produce excited carriers with densities below the optical breakdownthreshold in order to highlight the role of phase transitions in surfacemodification mechanisms. The frequency of the laser induced structures iscalculated based on a theoretical model that comprises estimation of electrondensity excitation, heat transfer, relaxation processes, andhydrodynamics-related mass transport. The influence of the laser wavelength inthe periodicity of the structures is also unveiled. The decreased energyabsorption for azimuthally polarised beams yields periodic structures withsmaller frequencies which are more pronounced as the number of laser pulsesapplied to the irradiation spot increases. Similar results are obtained forlaser pulses of larger photon energy and higher fluences. All induced periodicstructures are oriented parallel to the laser beam polarisation.

Formation of periodic surface structures on dielectrics after irradiation with laser beams of spatially variant polarisation: a comparative study