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This is the final version of the article. Available from Springer Verlag via the DOI in this record.Predatory king crabs (Lithodidae) structure benthic communities in their native habitats and cause shifts in the composition of benthic assemblages when introduced to new environments. Cold temperatures have apparently excluded skeleton-breaking predators from the continental shelf around Antarctica for millions of years, but recent increases in sea temperatures off the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) may be allowing lithodids to return. Imaging surveys have revealed dense populations of the lithodid Paralomis birsteini (Macpherson 1988) living on the continental slope off the WAP, but the biology of these populations remains poorly understood. We collected 51 adult P. birsteini in a trapping study on the slope off Marguerite Bay, WAP from depths of 1200–1400 m. Of the 51 crabs, 42 were males and 9 were females. Four females were ovigerous, carrying eggs at various stages of development. Rates of parasitism and limb regeneration were comparable to populations of lithodids elsewhere in the world, although the proportion of limb loss was relatively high. Externa of the parasite Briarosaccus callosus was obvious in both males and females, with one individual bearing hyperparasites (probably Liriopsis pygmaea). Gill necrosis was also observed in several dissected males. The success of contemporary lithodid populations on the Antarctic slope suggests they have the potential to expand upward to the continental shelf.Our research was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants ANT-1141877 to R.B.A. and ANT-1141896 to J.B.M. Additional support derived from an Endowed Professorship in Polar and Marine Biology from the University of Alabama at Birmingham, held by J.B.M. This is contribution no. 189 from the Institute for Research on Global Climate Change at the Florida Institute of Technology

Biology of the king crab Paralomis birsteini on the continental slope off the western Antarctic Peninsula