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    Purpose The loss of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) is well established as the major correlate of epileptogenesis in focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCD II), but this has not been directly tested in vivo. In this positron emission tomography (PET) study with the new tracer  18 F-SynVesT-1, we evaluated SV2A abnormalities in patients with FCD II and compared the pattern to  18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG). Methods Sixteen patients with proven FCD II and 16 healthy controls were recruited. All FCD II patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and static PET imaging with both  18 F-SynVesT-1 and  18 F-FDG, while the controls underwent MRI and PET with only  18 F-SynVesT-1. Visual assessment of PET images was undertaken. The standardized uptake values (SUVs) of  18 F-SynVesT-1 were computed for regions of interest (ROIs), along with SUV ratio (SUVr) between ROI and centrum semiovale (white matter). Asymmetry indices (AIs) were analyzed between the lesion and the contralateral hemisphere for intersubject comparisons. Results Lesions in the brains of FCD II patients had significantly reduced  18 F-SynVesT-1 uptake compared with contralateral regions, and brains of the controls.  18 F-SynVesT-1 PET indicated low lesion uptake in 14 patients (87.5%), corresponding to hypometabolism detected by  18 F-FDG PET, with higher accuracy for lesion localization than MRI (43.8%) ( P    0.05), and  18 F-SynVesT-1 SUVr correlated with that of  18 F-FDG across subjects ( R  2  = 0.41,  P  = 0.008). Subsequent visual ratings indicated that  18 F-SynVesT-1 uptake had a more restricted pattern of reduction than  18 F-FDG uptake in FCD II lesions ( P  &lt; 0.05). Conclusion SV2A PET with  18 F-SynVesT-1 shows a higher accuracy for the localization of FCD II lesions than MRI and a more restricted pattern of abnormality than  18 F-FDG PET.

european journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging

Cortical abnormalities of synaptic vesicle protein 2A in focal cortical dysplasia type II identified in vivo with 18F-SynVesT-1 positron emission tomography imaging