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Breakup temperatures were deduced from double ratios of isotope yields fortarget spectators produced in the reaction Au + Au at 1000 MeV per nucleon.Pairs of $^{3,4}$He and $^{6,7}$Li isotopes and pairs of $^{3,4}$He and Hisotopes (p, d and d, t) yield consistent temperatures after feedingcorrections, based on the quantum statistical model, are applied. Thetemperatures rise with decreasing impact parameter from 4 MeV for peripheral toabout 10 MeV for the most central collisions.  The good agreement with the breakup temperatures measured previously forprojectile spectators at an incident energy of 600 MeV per nucleon confirms theobserved universality of the spectator decay at relativistic bombardingenergies. The measured temperatures also agree with the breakup temperaturespredicted by the statistical multifragmentation model. For these calculations arelation between the initial excitation energy and mass was derived which givesgood simultaneous agreement for the fragment charge correlations.  The energy spectra of light charged particles, measured at $\theta_{lab}$ =150$^{\circ}$, exhibit Maxwellian shapes with inverse slope parameters muchhigher than the breakup temperatures. The statistical multifragmentation model,because Coulomb repulsion and sequential decay processes are included, yieldslight-particle spectra with inverse slope parameters higher than the breakuptemperatures but considerably below the measured values. The systematicbehavior of the differences suggests that they are caused bylight-charged-particle emission prior to the final breakup stage.  PACS numbers: 25.70.Mn, 25.70.Pq, 25.75.-qComment: 29 pages, TeX with 11 included figures; Revised version accepted for  publication in Z. Phys. A Two additional figure

Breakup temperature of target spectators in 197Au + 197Au collisions at E/A = 1000 MeV