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Rationale Novel compound with potent antagonistic activity against orexin receptors may be new treatment option for patients with insomnia. Objective The aim was to investigate the efficacy and safety of single oral doses of the dual orexin receptor antagonist TS-142 in patients with insomnia. Methods This multicenter, double-blind, crossover randomized clinical trial included non-elderly patients with insomnia. Patients were randomized to receive single doses of placebo and TS-142 at doses of 5, 10, and 30 mg in one of four different sequences, with a 7-day washout period between treatments. Primary efficacy endpoints were latency to persistent sleep (LPS) and wake time after sleep onset (WASO) measured by polysomnography. Results Twenty-four patients were included (mean age 50.3 ± 10.5 years; mean duration of insomnia 5.71 ± 8.68 years). Least-squares mean differences (95% confidence interval) from placebo in LPS with 5, 10, and 30 mg TS-142 were − 42.38 (− 60.13, − 24.63), − 42.10 (− 60.02, − 24.17), and − 44.68 (− 62.41, − 26.95) minutes, respectively (all  p  &lt; 0.001). Least-squares mean differences (95% confidence interval) from placebo in WASO with 5, 10, and 30 mg TS-142 were − 27.52 (− 46.90, − 8.14), − 35.44 (− 55.02, − 15.87), and − 54.69 (− 74.16, − 35.23) minutes, respectively (all  p  &lt; 0.01). Self-reported aspects of sleep initiation and sleep quality, determined using the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ), were also improved with TS-142 administration versus placebo. TS-142 was well tolerated; all adverse events were mild or moderate and none were serious. Conclusion Single-dose TS-142 was well tolerated and had clinically relevant effects on objective and subjective sleep parameters in patients with insomnia. Clinical Trial registration JapicCTI173570 (www.clinicaltrials.jp); NCT04573725 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).

psychopharmacology/psychopharmacologia

Effects of TS-142, a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist, on sleep in patients with insomnia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study