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The main result of this paper gives a topological property satisfied by any homeomorphism of the annulus $${\mathbb {A} = \mathbb {S}^1 \times [-1, 1]}$$ isotopic to the identity and with at most one fixed point. This generalizes the classical Poincaré-Birkhoff theorem because this property certainly does not hold for an area preserving homeomorphism h of $${\mathbb {A}}$$ with the usual boundary twist condition. We also have two corollaries of this result. The first one shows in particular that the boundary twist assumption may be weakened by demanding that the homeomorphism h has a lift H to the strip $${\tilde{\mathbb{A}} = \mathbb{R} \times [-1, 1]}$$ possessing both a forward orbit unbounded on the right and a forward orbit unbounded on the left. As a second corollary we get a new proof of a version of the Conley–Zehnder theorem in $${\mathbb {A}}$$ : if a homeomorphism of $${\mathbb {A}}$$ isotopic to the identity preserves the area and has mean rotation zero, then it possesses two fixed points.

A topological version of the Poincaré-Birkhoff theorem with two fixed points