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.   In this contribution we consider the  time-averaged GPS single-baseline model and study in a qualitative sense its  relation with the geometry-free model and the geometry-based model. The  least-squares estimators of the model are derived and their properties  discussed. Special attention is given to the ambiguity search space, since it  plays such a crucial role in the problem of integer ambiguity estimation and  validation. Easy-to-evaluate, closed-form expressions are presented for the  volumes of the ambiguity search spaces that belong to the geometry-free model,  the single-epoch geometry-based model and the time-averaged model. By means of  an eigenvalue analysis, the geometry of the ambiguity search spaces is revealed  and its impact on the search for the integer least-squares ambiguities  discussed.

Precision, volume and eigenspectra for GPS ambiguity estimation based on the time-averaged satellite geometry