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Ocean bottom pressure (OBP) changes are causedby a redistribution of the ocean’s internal mass that are drivenby atmospheric circulation, a change in the mass entering orleaving the ocean, and/or a change in the integrated atmosphericmass over the ocean areas. The only previous globalanalysis investigating the magnitude of OBP surface displacementsused older OBP data sets (van Dam et al. inJ Geophys Res 129:507–517, 1997). Since then significantimprovements in meteorological forcing models used to predictOBP have been made, augmented by observations fromsatellite altimetry and expendable bathythermograph profiles.Using more recent OBP estimates from the Estimatingthe Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) project,we reassess the amplitude of the predicted effect of OBP onthe height coordinate time series from a global distributionof GPS stations. OBP-predicted loading effects display anRMS scatter in the height of between 0.2 and 3.7 mm, largerthan previously reported but still much smaller (by a factorof 2) than the scatter observed due to atmospheric pressureloading. Given the improvement in GPS hardware and dataanalysis techniques, the OBP signal is similar to the precisionof weekly GPS height coordinates. We estimate the effect of OBP on GPS height coordinate time series usingthe MIT reprocessed solution, mi1. When we compare thepredicted OBP height time series with mi1, we find that thescatter is reduced over all stations by 0.1 mm on averagewith reductions as high as 0.7 mm at some stations. Moreimportantly we are able to reduce the scatter on 65 % ofthe stations investigated. The annual component of the OBPsignal is responsible for 80 % of the reduction in scatter onaverage.We find that stations located close to semi-enclosedbays or seas are affected by OBP loading to a greater extentthan other stations

Nontidal ocean loading: amplitudes and potential effects in GPS height time series