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The aim of the research presented in this paper was to verify the hypothesis that the problem of estimating the variable costs of metal casts can be solved by using knowledge-based systems. The estimation of variable costs determines the adequate pricing of products, which is a crucial marketing problem in enterprises. The problem of estimating the direct costs is especially important in companies whose participation in the market is defined as versatile manufacturing. This problem was the target of many studies presented in this paper. The assumptions that the direct costs of a metal cast are dependent on the physical features of the cast and the most effective method of cost estimation is an intuitive qualitative technique based on a rule-based system were considered. The nature of the relationships between the casts’ features and the direct costs of production could be effectively formed by experts as reasoning rules. In this paper, the results of experiments conducted on the basis of the example of the production program of a foundry that manufactures water-system fittings is presented. Three methods of knowledge-definition and reasoning techniques were examined: the classical method of crisp reasoning, fuzzy reasoning with the Mamdani’s method, and fuzzy reasoning with the Takagi-Sugeno model. Proper experiments were conducted. The results of the experiments confirmed the hypothesis, which allows the assessment of different reasoning methods.

Knowledge-based methods for cost estimation of metal casts