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This research examines the relationship between urban polycentric spatialstructure and driving. We identified 46 employment sub-centers in the LosAngeles Combined Statistical Area and calculated access to jobs that are withinand beyond these sub-centers. To address potential endogeneity problems, we useaccess to historically important places and transportation infrastructure inthe early 20th century as instrumental variables for job accessibility indices.Our Two-stage Tobit models show that access to jobs is negatively associatedwith household vehicle miles traveled in this region. Among variousaccessibility measures, access to jobs outside sub-centers has the largestelasticity (-0.155). We examine the location of places in the top quintile ofaccess to non-centered jobs and find that those locations are often inner ringsuburban developments, near the core of the urban area and not far fromsub-centers, suggesting that strategies of infill development that fill in thegaps between sub-centers, rather than focusing on already accessible downtownsand large sub-centers, may be the best land use approach to reduce VMT.

the annals of regional science

Urban Spatial Structure and the Potential for Vehicle Miles Traveled  Reduction: The Effects of Accessibility to Jobs within and beyond Employment  Sub-centers