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In various applications, design problems involving structures and compliantmechanisms experience fluidic pressure loads. During topology optimization ofsuch design problems, these loads adapt their direction and location with theevolution of the design, which poses various challenges. A new density-basedtopology optimization approach using Darcy's law in conjunction with a drainageterm is presented to provide a continuous and consistent treatment ofdesign-dependent fluidic pressure loads. The porosity of each finite elementand its drainage term are related to its density variable using a Heavisidefunction, yielding a smooth transition between the solid and void phases. Adesign-dependent pressure field is established using Darcy's law and theassociated PDE is solved using the finite element method. Further, the obtainedpressure field is used to determine the consistent nodal loads. The approachprovides a computationally inexpensive evaluation of load sensitivities usingthe adjoint-variable method. To show the efficacy and robustness of theproposed method, numerical examples related to fluidic pressure loaded stiffstructures and small-deformation compliant mechanisms are solved. For thestructures, compliance is minimized, whereas for the mechanisms amulti-criteria objective is minimized with given resource constraints.

Topology Optimization of Fluidic Pressure Loaded Structures and Compliant Mechanisms using the Darcy Method