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This study was conducted to examine the effect of omega 3 fatty acid supplementation on plasma lipid, cholesterol and lipoprotein fatty acid content of non-insulin-dependent diabetic individuals consuming a higher (0.65, n = 10) or lower (0.44, n = 18) ratio of dietary polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid (P/S). The participants were initially given an olive oil supplement (placebo) equivalent to 35 mg of 18:1. kg body weight-1.day-1 for 3 months. This was followed by two omega 3 supplement periods in a randomized crossover. In these 3-month periods, participants were given a linseed oil supplement equivalent to 35 mg of 18:3 omega 3.kg body weight-1.day-1 or a fish oil supplement equivalent to 35 mg of 20:5 omega 3 + 22:6 omega 3.kg body weight-1. day-1. At the end of each supplement period, a blood sample was drawn from each participant for lipid, lipoprotein, insulin, glucagon and C-peptide analyses. At the end of each 3-month period a 7-day dietary record was completed to calculate dietary fat intake and P/S ratio. Results indicate that fish oil significantly reduced plasma triacylglycerol level (p &lt; 0.05) and increased 20:5 omega 3 and 22:6 omega 3 content of all lipoprotein lipid classes. Linolenic acid supplementation had no effect on plasma triacylglycerol level, but it increased 18:3 omega 3 content of lipoprotein cholesterol ester fractions (p &lt; 0.05). A slight increase in 20:5 omega 3, but not 22:6 omega 3, content was noted in lipoprotein lipid classes as a result of 18:3 omega 3 supplementation. LDL and HDL cholesterol, insulin, glucagon and C-peptide levels were not affected by either omega 3 supplement. It is concluded that a modest intake of omega 3 fatty acids, such as could be obtained from consuming fish regularly, will reduce plasma triglyceride level without affecting LDL or HDL cholesterol levels.

Effect of w3 fatty acid on plasma lipids, cholesterol and lipoprotein fatty acid content in NIDDM patients