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Key message An epistatic interaction between SCN resistance loci  rhg1-a  and  rhg2  in PI 90763 imparts resistance against virulent SCN populations which can be employed to diversify SCN resistance in soybean cultivars. With more than 95% of the $46.1B soybean market dominated by a single type of genetic resistance, breeding for soybean cyst nematode (SCN)-resistant soybean that can effectively combat the widespread increase in virulent SCN populations presents a significant challenge.  Rhg  genes (for Resistance to  Heterodera   glycines ) play a key role in resistance to SCN; however, their deployment beyond the use of the  rhg1-b  allele has been limited. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped using PI 90763 through two biparental F 3:4  recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations segregating for  rhg1-a  and  rhg1-b  alleles against a SCN HG type 1.2.5.7 (Race 2) population. QTL located on chromosome 18 ( rhg1-a ) and chromosome 11 ( rhg2 ) were determined to confer SCN resistance in PI 90763. The  rhg2  gene was fine-mapped to a 169-Kbp region pinpointing  GmSNAP11  as the strongest candidate gene. We demonstrated a unique epistatic interaction between  rhg1-a  and  rhg2  loci that not only confers resistance to multiple virulent SCN populations. Further, we showed that pyramiding  rhg2  with the conventional mode of resistance,  rhg1-b , is ineffective against these virulent SCN populations. This highlights the importance of pyramiding  rhg1-a  and  rhg2  to maximize the impact of gene pyramiding strategies toward management of SCN populations virulent on  rhg1-b  sources of resistance. Our results lay the foundation for the next generation of soybean resistance breeding to combat the number one pathogen of soybean.

Epistatic interaction between Rhg1-a and Rhg2 in PI 90763 confers resistance to virulent soybean cyst nematode populations