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Attention is a basic mechanism which enables the processing of incoming stimuli to be enhanced or attenuated. In the auditory modality, for example, a person can attend selectively to a particular speaker’s voice while turning off other, simultaneous, conversations (“cocktail party phenomenon”). Although this process has been the target of extensive research, even a few years ago it would not have been possible even in preliminary form to outline a functional anatomy of the human attentional system. New developments and techniques in neuroscience (positron emission tomography, magneto-encephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging) have opened the possibility of studying the anatomical basis of higher cognitive functions, including attentional processes. These new techniques have made possible the delineation of attentional systems that control alertness [1, 2], consciousness [3], spatial visual attention [4], and higher cognitive functions [5]. However, controversy continues as to whether attentional processes modulate neuronal activity within primary sensory areas [6]. Most researchers believe that attentional modulation is related to activity in secondary sensory areas [7]. We report here data supporting the notion that there is indeed modulation of neuronal activity within the primary visual cortex due to attentional processes.

Attention Modulates the Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Response in the Primary Visual Cortex measured with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging