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Let $H_0$ be a discrete periodic Schr\"odinger operator on$\ell^2(\mathbb{Z}^d)$:  $$H_0=-\Delta+V,$$ where $\Delta$ is the discrete Laplacian and $V:\mathbb{Z}^d\to \mathbb{C}$ is periodic. We prove that for any $d\geq3$, theFermi variety at every energy level is irreducible (modulo periodicity). For$d=2$, we prove that the Fermi variety at every energy level except for theaverage of the potential is irreducible (modulo periodicity) and the Fermivariety at the average of the potential has at most two irreducible components(modulo periodicity). This is sharp since for $d=2$ and a constant potential$V$, the Fermi variety at $V$-level has exactly two irreducible components(modulo periodicity). We also prove that the Bloch variety is irreducible(modulo periodicity) for any $d\geq 2$. As applications, we prove that when $V$is a real-valued periodic function, the level set of any extrema of anyspectral band functions, spectral band edges in particular, has dimension atmost $d-2$ for any $d\geq 3$, and finite cardinality for $d=2$. We also showthat $H=-\Delta +V+v$ does not have any embedded eigenvalues provided that $v$decays super-exponentially.

Irreducibility of the Fermi variety for discrete periodic Schr\"odinger operators and embedded eigenvalues