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The background Evidence on social variations in health and life expectancy has accumulated over the last decades (Drever & Whitehead 1997; Marmot & Wilkinson 1999; Mackenbach & Bakker 2002). It points to the fact that, despite overall improvements in population health and welfare policies, an individual’s socio-economic position remains strongly associated with health across the life span: childhood mortality, morbidity and accidents are more prevalent in socially disadvantaged groups; health-damaging behaviours shaped in adolescence like smoking, poor diet and lack of physical activity are more prevalent among the poorer sections of the population; the risk of developing chronic illness in adult life, such as coronary heart disease or depression, is elevated for persons with a lower socio-economic background and premature mortality is more frequent. International studies show that relative mortality differences between high and low socio-economic groups have increased within European countries (Mackenbach et al. 2003) leading to actual differences in life expectancy of between four and seven years in men and about four years in women. Social epidemiological research indicates that poor health is not simply confi ned to those at the bottom of the social hierarchy: There is a social gradient of mortality and morbidity that affects all members of society: With each step one moves down the social hierarchy, health worsens (Marmot et al. 1984). Reducing socio-economic health inequalities is therefore one of the main challenges for the public health sector in Europe. However, what is known and being done in European partner countries is as yet unclear – how do policy processes impact on the health gap? And how should effective interventions be shaped? The projects Two projects that are funded by the European Commission from 2004 to 2007 address the issue of tackling health inequalities from a complementary perspective:

Tackling Health Inequalities — two European projects will identify effective strategies from 2004 to 2007