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In conventional vector-wave-based elastic reverse-time migration, there are two types of artifacts: low-frequency artifacts and nonphysical artifacts. Vector-decomposition-based acoustic–elastic coupled equations are effective in suppressing nonphysical artifacts by using ocean bottom four component (4C) seismic data for receiver-side tensorial extrapolation. We introduce up/down-going wave separation into the vector-decomposition-based acoustic–elastic coupled equations, and deduce novel analytic acoustic–elastic coupled equations. With these novel equations, we can obtain the source-side and receiver-side up-going and down-going P/S-wave vectors in wavefield propagation, and effectively suppress both of the artifacts in vector-wave-based elastic reverse-time migration by combining receiver-side tensorial extrapolation and the decomposed vector-wave-based imaging conditions. Examples using synthetic data and field data are presented to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of our method.

Analytic Acoustic–Elastic Coupled Equations and Their Application in Vector-Wave-Based Imaging of Ocean Bottom 4C Data