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U.S. Tsunami Warning Centers use real-time bottom pressure (BP) datatransmitted from a network of buoys deployed in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceansto tune source coefficients of tsunami forecast models. For accuratecoefficients and therefore forecasts, tides at the buoys must be accounted for.In this study, five methods for coefficient estimation are compared, each ofwhich accounts for tides differently. The first three subtract off a tidalprediction based on (1) a localized harmonic analysis involving 29 days of dataimmediately preceding the tsunami event, (2) 68 pre-existing harmonicconstituents specific to each buoy, and (3) an empirical orthogonal functionfit to the previous 25 hrs of data. Method (4) is a Kalman smoother that usesmethod (1) as its input. These four methods estimate source coefficients afterdetiding. Method (5) estimates the coefficients simultaneously with atwo-component harmonic model that accounts for the tides. The five methods areevaluated using archived data from eleven DART buoys, to which selectedartificial tsunami signals are superimposed. These buoys represent a full rangeof observed tidal conditions and background BP noise in the Pacific andAtlantic, and the artificial signals have a variety of patterns and inducevarying signal-to-noise ratios. The root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of leastsquares estimates of sources coefficients using varying amounts of data areused to compare the five detiding methods. The RMSE varies over two orders ofmagnitude between detiding methods, generally decreasing in the order listed,with method (5) yielding the most accurate estimate of source coefficient. TheRMSE is substantially reduced by waiting for the first full wave of the tsunamisignal to arrive. As a case study, the five method are compared using datarecorded from the devastating 2011 Japan tsunami.

Detiding DART buoy data for real-time extraction of source coefficients for operational tsunami forecasting