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The Unruh effect refers to the thermal fluctuations a detector experienceswhile undergoing linear motion with uniform acceleration in a Minkowski vacuum.This thermality can be demonstrated by tracing the vacuum state of the fieldover the modes beyond the accelerated detector's event horizon. However, theevent horizon is well-defined only if the detector moves with eternal uniformlinear acceleration. This idealized condition cannot be fulfilled in realisticsituations when the motion unavoidably involves periods of non-uniformacceleration. Many experimental proposals to test the Unruh effect are of thisnature. Often circular or oscillatory motion, which lacks an obvious geometricdescription, is considered in such proposals. The proper perspective fortheoretically going beyond, or experimentally testing, the Unruh-Hawking effectin these more general conditions has to be offered by concepts and techniquesin non-equilibrium quantum field theory. In this paper we provide a detailedanalysis of how an Unruh-DeWitt detector undergoing oscillatory motion respondsto the fluctuations of a quantum field. Numerical results for the late-timetemperatures of the oscillating detector are presented. We comment on thedigressions of these results from what one would obtain from a naiveapplication of Unruh's result.

Unruh Effect under Non-equilibrium conditions: Oscillatory motion of an Unruh-DeWitt detector