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The recent direct observation of gravitational waves (GW) from merging blackholes opens up the possibility of exploring the theory of gravity in the strongregime at an unprecedented level. It is therefore interesting to explore whichextensions to General Relativity (GR) could be detected. We construct anEffective Field Theory (EFT) satisfying the following requirements. It istestable with GW observations; it is consistent with other experiments,including short distance tests of GR; it agrees with widely accepted principlesof physics, such as locality, causality and unitarity; and it does not involvenew light degrees of freedom. The most general theory satisfying theserequirements corresponds to adding to the GR Lagrangian operators constructedout of powers of the Riemann tensor, suppressed by a scale comparable to thecurvature of the observed merging binaries. The presence of these operatorsmodifies the gravitational potential between the compact objects, as well astheir effective mass and current quadrupoles, ultimately correcting thewaveform of the emitted GW.

An effective formalism for testing extensions to General Relativity with gravitational waves