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After a review over past experiments and theoretical requirements fromlow-energy flavour physics, we argue that the possibility of low-massleptoquarks (LQ) cannot be fully excluded due to the assumptions made in themeasurements. Therefore we propose to search for the pair production oflow-mass leptoquarks in Pb-Pb ultra-peripheral collisions with the least modeldependence (assuming a small coupling constant $\lesssim0.1$). There are acouple of advantages: 1) high photon flux provides high production rate for lowmass LQs; 2) the background contamination is much lower than that in $p$-$p$collisions. The analysis strategy permits a leptoquark to decay to all possiblelepton-plus-quark modes. Taking the scalar LQ, $S_3$, with an electric charge$|q|=\frac{4}{3}e$, as example, the mass point of 100 GeV can be excluded atthe 95~\% confidence level using a dataset of 4~pb$^{-1}$ Pb-Pbultra-peripheral collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV and the performance of theATLAS detector in Run~2. The proposed method also applies to searching forhigh-mass LQs in $p$-$p$ collisions as long as the LQ pair production mechanismdominates.

Search for Low-Mass Leptoquarks using the $llqq$ final states in Pb-Pb Ultra-Peripheral Collisions