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In this work, we discuss the possibility to test Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNLs)using $``$Cosmic Ray Beam Dump$"$ experiments. In analogy with terrestrial beamdump experiments, where a beam first hits a target and is then absorbed by ashield, we consider high-energy incident cosmic rays impinging on the Earth'satmosphere and then the Earth's surface. We focus here on HNL production fromatmospherically produced kaon, pion and $D$-meson decays, and discuss thepossible explanation of the appearing Cherenkov showers observed by the SHALONCherenkov telescope and the ultra-high energy events detected by the neutrinoexperiment ANITA. We show that these observations can not be explained with along-lived HNL, as the relevant parameter space is excluded by existingconstraints. Then we propose two new experimental setups that are inspired bythese experiments, namely a Cherenkov telescope pointing at the horizon andshielded by the mountain cliff at Mount Thor, and a geostationary satellitethat observes part of the Sahara desert. We show that the Cherenkov telescopeat Mount Thor can probe currently untested HNL parameter space for masses belowthe kaon mass. We also show that the geostationary satellite experiment cansignificantly increase the HNL parameter space coverage in the whole mass rangefrom 10 MeV up to 2 GeV and test neutrino mixing $|U_{\alpha4}|^2$ down to$10^{-11}$ for masses around 300 MeV.

Testing Heavy Neutral Leptons in Cosmic Ray Beam Dump experiments