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In recent work, we demonstrated that the confined-phase spectrum ofnon-supersymmetric pure Yang-Mills theory coincides with the spectrum of thechiral sector of a two-dimensional conformal field theory in the large-$N$limit. This was done within the tractable setting in which the gauge theory iscompactified on a three-sphere whose radius is small compared to the stronglength scale. In this paper, we generalize these observations by demonstratingthat similar results continue to hold even when massless adjoint matter fieldsare introduced. These results hold for both thermal and $(-1)^F$-twistedpartition functions, and collectively suggest that the spectra of large-$N$confining gauge theories are organized by the symmetries of two-dimensionalconformal field theories.

Modularity and 4D-2D spectral equivalences for large-N gauge theories with adjoint matter