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The energy asymmetry in top-antitop-jet production is an observable of thetop charge asymmetry designed for the LHC. We perform a realistic analysis inthe boosted kinematic regime, including effects of the parton shower,hadronization and expected experimental uncertainties. Our predictions atparticle level show that the energy asymmetry in the Standard Model can bemeasured with a significance of $3\sigma$ during Run 3, and with more than$5\sigma$ significance at the HL-LHC. Beyond the Standard Model the energyasymmetry is a sensitive probe of new physics with couplings to top quarks. Inthe framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory, we show that thesensitivity of the energy asymmetry to effective four-quark interactions ishigher or comparable to other top observables and resolves blind directions incurrent LHC fits. We suggest to include the energy asymmetry as an importantobservable in global searches for new physics in the top sector.

Measuring the top energy asymmetry at the LHC: QCD and SMEFT interpretations