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Herbicides that act by inhibiting protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) have been recognized for over 30 years. Acifluorfen, oxyfluorfen, and oxadiazon are among several commercial Protox- inhibiting herbicides that have been in use for several decades, although their mode of action had not been elucidated until fairly recently. In spite of the mature nature of this area of herbicide research, new Protox herbicides continue to be discovered and commercially developed. Sulfentrazone, a pre-emergence soybean herbicide, and more recently carfentrazone-ethyl, a post-emergence cereal herbicide, are two Protox herbicides that the FMC Corporation has introduced in the past 5 years. A salient feature of herbicides that act by inhibiting Protox is the tbllowing contradiction: surprisingly diverse chemistries can inhibit this enzyme, and yet each of these classes of chemistries has rigid structure-activity rules. The two facets of this seeming contradiction must be exploited if the opportunities to develop new herbicides in this area are to expand. Elucidation of the protogen- binding site and rational design, among other factors, will play a key role in any further success in this area. ILl

Abstracts of presentations on selected topics at the XIVth international plant protection congress (IPPC) July 25–30, 1999