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This paper investigates the combustion knock characteristics of diesel engines running on natural gas using pilot injection as means of initiating combus- tion. The diesel engines knock under normal operating conditions but the knock referred to in this paper is an objectionable one. In the dual-fuel combustion pro- cess we have the ignition stage followed by the combustion stage. There are three types of knock: diesel knock, spark knock and knock due to secondary ignition delay of the primary fuel (erratic knock). Several factors have been noted to feature in defining knock characteristics of dual-fuel engines that include ignition delay, pilot quantity, engine load and speed, turbulence and gas flow rate.

Knock characteristics of dual-fuel combustion in diesel engines using natural gas as primary fuel