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Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbors were a grossly polluted body of water at the time of the initiation of benthic biological studies in 1951. Industrial, domestic and storm wastes were emptied into these waters with little or no treatment. The inner harbor waters contained little or no dissolved oxygen and much of the benthos was azoic or possessed a stressed community. However, the outer harbor water mass contained adequate dissolved oxygen, and the benthos supported a rich fauna dominated by many species of polychaetes. A pollution abatement program was initiated in 1968, and today many former wastes have been eliminated or are being diverted to treatment plants for processing. The benthic fauna changed markedly and rapidly following this environmental clean-up. Peaks in population were reached throughout the harbor in 1973–1974 which was followed by a slight decline then stability. An oil tanker explosion, pre-treatment of fish-cannery wastes then diversion of these wastes to a sewage treatment plant, and a change from primary to secondary treatment of sewage brought about changes in the benthic fauna. In the latter instance, benthic population of polychaetes, fish populations and the number of birds feeding within the area decreased significantly.

The benthic biological conditions of Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbors: Results of 28 years of investigations and monitoring