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Aeolosoma maritimum nov. spec. is the first marine species of the family Aeolosomatidae. The animals were found in the mesopsammal of a Tunisian sandy beach at the Gulf of Tunis; the salinity of the habitat ranged from 29.2 to 34.6 ‰. Investigations on the vertical and horizontal distribution revealed that the species avoids surface layers of the beach. Most individuals occur in the region above subsoil water level, 4 m off the water line. The most important eidonomic features ofA. maritimum are: length up to 4 mm; only one single field of cilia on the ventral side of the prostomium; no special ciliary pits; orange-yellow epidermic glands; hair bristles only, 3–5 per bundle, up to 115 µm; widening of the intestine between the second and third or the third and fourth bundles. No distinct division in zooids could be seen; if paratomy occurs, the new individuals do not separate before the 10th segment. The ecology of the genusAeolosoma provides an excellent example for the migration of limnic elements into marine habitats.Zusammenfassung1.Aeolosoma maritimum nov. spec. wurde im Mesopsammal eines Sandstrandes am Golf von Tunis gefunden; der Salzgehalt im Porenwasser der Probestellen lag zwischen 29,2 und 34,6 ‰.2. Die Tiere meiden die oberflächlichen Regionen des Strandes; die meisten Individuen wurden unmittelbar über oder im Grundwasserbereich gefangen, in einer Entfernung von etwa 4 m von der Wasserlinie.3. Die Art repräsentiert somit die erste marine Form aus der Oligochaeten-Familie Aeolosomatidae. Aus den ökologischen Daten andererAeolosoma-Species kann ein Einwanderungsweg aus dem limnischen Mesopsammal über das Brackwasser in das marine Sandlückensystem rekonstruiert werden.4. Merkmale der äußeren und inneren Organisation weisenA. maritimum ebenfalls als eine gut definierte Art aus.

Aeolosoma maritimum nov. spec., the first sea water species of the family Aeolosomatidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta)