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In order to count the total number of bacteria, the pour-plate method and a modified 2216 E medium (Zobell 1946) were used; temperature and salinity were recorded. Two cruises were conducted: one in the direction of the estuary of the river Elbe, the other in the direction of the open North Sea (light-ship P 8, located 25 nautical miles westwardly from Helgoland). The highest bacterial numbers were found at the stations closest to the mainland, and a close correlation between temperature, salinity and bacterial numbers was discovered. In other words, coastal water high in bacterial numbers and rich in organic substances was mixed with water of the open sea with a low bacterial content. To some extent transportation of bacteria via ice floes is responsible for the high bacterial numbers in the colder water. During the warm-up periods in early spring of 1963, a sharp increase in bacterial numbers was found in the samples taken in the waters at the permanent station between Helgoland and the nearby Dune. These numbers correspond with a decrease in salinity. The bacterial curves are to some extent in agreement with those found in the river Elbe in the winter and spring of 1963 byRheinheimer (1964). From all these facts it becomes apparent that the bacterial numbers recorded near Helgoland are strongly influenced by the water of the river Elbe, and therefore the effects of the cold winter 1962/63 upon bacteria of the coast of Helgoland are to an important part indirect ones.

Einwirkungen des kalten Winters 1962/63 auf die Bakterienpopulationen vor Helgoland