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Cases of water pollution by outboard motors have been reported in America and Switzerland. The present studies have been sponsored by the German Federal Board of Health in co-operation with the Institute for Internal Combustion Engines of the Technical University of Berlin. We have conducted (a) motor brake tests, (b) tank tests and (c) tests in ponds, considering effects of dissolved engine gases on fishes and fish food organisms in relation to fuel consumption and test duration. Tests were made with 3 new, mixed-lubricated twostroke carburettor engines with underwater exhausts and a capacity of 6, 20 and 40 PS, respectively, releasing a drift of oil, as well as petrol and its combustion products. Of special interest were hydrocarbons because of their poor biochemical decomposition in organisms and phenols in view of their toxicity in water. Lethal doses differed in the fishes (carps, trouts) tested. During pond tests these fishes turned out to be sensitive indicators for the degree of water pollution because accumulation of combustion products in the water can be tested very quickly in terms of fish flesh flavour. Experiments in aquariums containing a concentration of 1 : 2000 demonstrated that detrimental changes in the flavour of the fish flesh disappeared after some days exposure to clean freshwater. The pond experiments further revealed a significant reduction in the number of certain microorganisms. After termination of tests, the chemical and biological conditions improved increasingly within a few weeks due to self-purification of the water. Our investigations show clearly that, in waters serving as drinking water supplies, all boat activities must be avoided.

Gewässerverschmutzung durch Außenbordmotoren und deren Wirkung auf Fauna und Flora