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The effects of alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC, 10 mmol/l) on glucagon and insulin release were studied in the in vitro perfused rat pancreas. The experiments were performed at low glucose concentration (3.3 mmol/l) in the absence or presence of arginine (10 mmol/l). In all the experiments KIC induced a marked and not rapidly reversible inhibition of glucagon release. This inhibition was more pronounced in the absence (76 percent) than presence of arginine (61 percent). These inhibitory patterns closely duplicated those which were seen in parallel experiments which included a rise in the concentration of glucose (from 3.3 to 11.1 mmol/l). KIC was also a potent stimulator of insulin release. The results are compatible with the view that the intracellular metabolism of KIC and glucose plays an essential role in the regulation of glucagon release by exogenous substrates.

Interactions of ?-ketoisocaproate, glucose and arginine in the secretion of glucagon and insulin from the perfused rat pancreas