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Dear Sir, Both in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and essential hypertension, insulin resistance appears to be genetically determined and mainly observed in the non-oxidative pathway (i. e. glycogen synthesis) in skeletal muscle [1, 2]. Glycogen synthase (GSY), a key enzyme of the non-oxidative pathway of glucose metabolism, may be a candidate gene for insulin resistance in NIDDM and hypertension. In fact, an association between a rare A2 allele of the Xbal polymorphism in the GSY gene and NIDDM has recently been reported among a group of Finnish patients [3]. Moreover, a high prevalence of hypertension was also reported in subjects with Xbal RFLR These data implicated the GSY gene as a candidate for genetic predisposition to hypertension as well as NIDDM. This association, however, was not confirmed by subsequent studies in other ethnic groups [4-6]. Furthermore, association studies between hypertension and the GSY gene have not yet been reported. In this letter, we present our study on the association of the GSY locus with both NIDDM and hypertension using a sensitive fluorescence detection method. A total of 193 subjects (72 patients with NIDDM, 66 patients with essential hypertension and 55 non-diabetic healthy subjects) were studied. The hypertensive subjects were divided into two groups (hyperinsulinaemia group and normoinsulinaemia group) according to their insulin levels during 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (hyperinsulinaemia: a peak insulin level during 75-g OGTT > 100 mU/l). Patients who showed a diabetic pattern were excluded from the hypertensive group. The non-diabetic healthy subjects were normotensive, with normal glucose tolerance, and had no family history of diabetes or hypertension. All subjects in this study had body mass index (BMI) less than 30 kg/m 2. A microsatellite polymorphism in the GSY gene was detected by the method of Vionnet and Bell [7] with modification. One of the primers was labelled with rhodamine instead of 32p in the original method, and electrophoretic pat-

The glycogen synthase gene in NIDDM and hypertension