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The metabolic and hormonal effects of stable hyperglycaemia (10-12 mmol/l) have been examined in five insulin-dependent diabetics and compared with the results of 8 h (1200 to 2000 h) normoglycaemic (5-6 mmol/l) clamping. Glucose levels were maintained using a glucose controlled insulin infusion system. Mean blood lactate, pyruvate, total ketone bodies, glycerol and plasma non-esterified fatty acids were similar during the period of stable glycaemia at the two glucose levels. In contrast mean blood alanine was markedly elevated during hyperglycaemic clamping (0.384 +/- 0.008 vs 0.298 +/- 0.021 mmol/l) and 3-hydroxybutyrate was slightly decreased (0.068 +/- 0.007 vs 0.084 +/- 0.008 mmol/l). Plasma glucagon levels were raised during hyperglycaemic clamping and growth hormone slightly decreased. There was a close positive correlation between mean blood alanine and mean blood glucose (r = 0.79, p less than 0.01), and a negative correlation of alanine with the amount of insulin infused (r = -0.72, p less than 0.01). It is suggested that the raised alanine results from increased peripheral glucose utilisation. In general a short period of stable hyperglycaemia is not associated with a worsening of metabolic abnormalities in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.

The metabolic response to hyperglycaemic clamping in insulin-dependent diabetes