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Strongly coupled plasmon-exciton systems offer promising applications innanooptics. The classification of the coupling regime is currently debated bothfrom experimental and theoretical perspectives. We present a method tounambiguously identify strong coupling in plasmon-exciton core-shellnanoparticles by measuring true absorption spectra of the system. Weinvestigate the coupling of excitons in J-aggregates to the localized surfaceplasmon polaritons on gold nanospheres and nanorods by fine-tuning the plasmonresonance via layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes. While bothstructures show a characteristic anticrossing in extinction and scatteringexperiments, the careful assessment of the systems' light absorption revealsthat strong coupling of the plasmon to the exciton is only present in thenanorod system. In a phenomenological model of two classical coupledoscillators, intermediate coupling strengths split up only the resonancefrequency of the light-driven oscillator, while the other one still dissipatesenergy at its original frequency. Only in the strong-coupling limit, bothoscillators split up the frequencies at which they dissipate energy,qualitatively explaining our experimental finding.

Signatures of strong coupling on nanoparticles: Revealing absorption anticrossing by tuning the dielectric environment