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We address the issue of constructing continuous instantons representing thepair creation of black holes in a cosmological context. The recent attempt atconstructing such solutions using virtual domain walls is reviewed first. Wethen explore the existence of continuous instantons in higher curvature gravitytheories where the Lagrangian is polynomial in the Ricci scalar. Lastly, westudy continuous instanton solutions of ordinary gravity coupled to theNarlikar C-field. For each theory, we first consider the case of findingcontinuous instanton solutions which represent the "near-annihilation" of a deSitter universe and its subsequent recreation. In situations where thesesolutions exist, we then ask whether solutions can be found that represent the"near-annihilation" of a de Sitter spacetime and the subsequent creation of apair of Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes.

Instantons for Black Hole Pair Production