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Improvement of thermoelectric systems in terms of performance and range ofapplications relies on progress in materials science and optimization of deviceoperation. In this chapter, we focuse on optimization by taking into accountthe interaction of the system with its environment. For this purpose, weconsider the illustrative case of a thermoelectric generator coupled to twotemperature baths via heat exchangers characterized by a thermal resistance,and we analyze its working conditions. Our main message is that both electricaland thermal impedance matching conditions must be met for optimal deviceperformance. Our analysis is fundamentally based on linear nonequilibriumthermodynamics using the force-flux formalism. An outlook on mesoscopic systemsis also given.

A linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics approach to optimization of thermoelectric devices