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In this paper we describe and reflect on the use of personas to redesign the 3rd prototype of APOSDLE --- a system to support informal learning and knowledge transfer in the workplace. Based on the results of a formative evaluation of the 2nd prototype we used personas to explore how users' goals, behaviour and preferences could be communicated to project members during a two-day design workshop, in order to ensure useful and usable design solutions. We actively involved stakeholders representing the target market throughout the process as they helped to create, validate and interpret the four personas we used. By doing so we aimed to address methodological weaknesses and practical limitations of using personas, primarily those relating to the validity of the personas used and the way they are interpreted. We reflected on how effective the personas were by referring to data generated during the workshop and discussion transcripts. As reported by others, and as we have experienced ourselves, using personas can be quite challenging as rich narrative descriptions are expected to produce insight and design solutions. In light of this challenge, we contribute a case study illustrating how personas were implemented in a real world situation to engage project members with user information and drive the design process. We specifically discussed the strengths and weaknesses of actively involving stakeholders in creating and using personas.

Designing with Only Four People in Mind? – A Case Study of Using Personas to Redesign a Work-Integrated Learning Support System