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Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, It is an honour to be here today and I wish to thank the foreign Ministers of Finland, Germany and Jordan for their invitation to address this Conference. 60 years ago with the Nuremberg Trials, for the first time, those who committed massive crimes were held accountable before the international community. For the first time, the victors of a conflict chose the law to define responsibilities. In the words of the Nuremberg Prosecutor Justice Robert H. Jackson: “That four great nations, flushed with victory and stung with injure stay the hand of vengeance and voluntarily submit their captive enemies to the judgement of law is one of the most significant tributes that power has ever paid to reason.” Nuremberg was a landmark. However the world was not ready to transform such a landmark into a lasting institution. The Cold War produced massive crimes in Europe, Latin America, and Asia; Africa was still under the rule of colonialism and apartheid. In the end, the world would wait for almost half a century after Nuremberg, and would again witness two genocides – first in the Former Yugoslavia, and then in Rwanda – before the Security Council decided to create the ICTY and the ICTR, thus connecting peace and international justice again. The contribution of the ad hoc Tribunals is yet to be fully recognized and measured. They developed the law, prosecuted the worst perpetrators, Generals, members of Governments. They contributed to restore lasting peace in conflicttorn regions. The ad hoc tribunals for Yugoslavia and Rwanda paved the way for the decision to establish a permanent criminal court. Ladies and Gentlemen, For centuries, conflicts were resolved through negotiations without legal constraints. In Rome in 1998, a new and entirely different approach was adopted. Lasting peace requires justice – this was the decision taken in Rome by 120 States. They committed to put an end to impunity for the most serious crimes of concern to the international community and to contribute to the prevention of such crimes. They created an International Criminal Court, a permanent court, with jurisdiction over genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. International Justice was not a moment in time any longer, neither an ad hoc post conflict solution: it became an institution.

Building a Future on Peace and Justice