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Adaptive automation increases the operator's workload if there are signs of hypovigilance, and takes over more responsibility in case of workload becoming too high. We refined a closed-loop adaptive system for varying the strength of turbulence in a professional simulator. In the experimental condition, twenty-four subjects flew three blocks with ten 2-min flight sections under varying turbulences. Each of the three blocks applied different combinations of autonomic measures for adaptive automation. Physiological responses were calculated every 2 min for adjusting the turbulence strength for the next 2 min, dependent on an individual setpoint. Another twenty-four yoked control subjects flew the same sequence of turbulences as the corresponding experimental subjects without adaptive automation. By combining nonspecific skin conductance responses and heart rate variability, experimental subjects' skin conductance responses oscillated very close to the individual setpoint, indicating a constant vigilance level as a result of adaptive control compared to yoked control subjects.

Combining Skin Conductance and Heart Rate Variability for Adaptive Automation During Simulated IFR Flight