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This paper introduces real-time communication patterns (RTC-patterns) for capturing real-time requirements of communication systems. RTC-patterns for some of the most common real-time require- ments are presented. They are formalized by using Message Sequence Charts (MSCs). The application of RTC-patterns to testing is explained by an example. The example shows how real-time requirements which are expressed using RTC-patterns can be related to TIMEDTTCN-3 evalua- tion functions. The motivation for the work presented in this paper comes from our research on test specification and test generation for testing real-time requirements of com- munication systems. Especially, we investigate graphical specification methods that can be used in all phases of an integrated system development methodology and that allow an automated generation and implementation of test cases. We use the Testing and Test Control Notation (TTCN-3) (5) as test imple- mentation language and developed TIMEDTTCN-3 (3) as an associated real-time extension to support the test of real-time requirements. For graphical test speci- fication, we apply the Message Sequence Chart (MSC3) language (13). The MSC- based specification of real-time test cases and generation of TIMEDTTCN-3 code from MSC test specifications is explained in (4). Even though it is possible to generate TIMEDTTCN-3 code automatically for each MSC test description, we would like to facilitate and harmonize the use of TIMEDTTCN-3 by providing a common set of test evaluation functions. This would make test results more comparable and avoid misinterpretations due to the use of dierent or erroneous evaluation functions. The key issue of this

Communication Patterns for Expressing Real-Time Requirements Using MSC and Their Application to Testing