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This paper considers raising efficiency problems and choosing the optimum designed parameters of prospective arrangements for construction of low-head micro-hydraulic power plants for plain relief water bodies, for example, of hydropower plants with a “Kaplan turbine—siphon penstock” power complex studying. The analysis results of the constructive configurations both in floating performance and in stationary placement of micro-hydraulic power plant are presented. This configuration solves the flood accident problems and provides power plants mobility. A criterion for comparison of micro-hydraulic power plant efficiency is developed. It is derived for the optimum solution searching in terms of energy useful utilization by micro-hydraulic power plants hydraulic equipment. The basic approaches are set out for raising efficiency of low-head hydraulic power plants, as well as ways to the optimum selection of parameters of their hydraulic turbines at early stages of design. This is particularly valuable for designers of blade hydraulic machines. The energy efficiency limit of a propeller hydraulic turbine located in a siphon penstock is demonstrated. It is a hydraulic analog (suggested for the first time) of the Betz–Joukowski limit widely used in aerodynamics and design of wind energy plants. New approaches to design flow-power hydraulic units are experimentally supported. Prospects of their application for raising overall efficiency of micro-hydropower plants are substantiated.

On Creation of Highly Efficient Micro-Hydraulic Power Plants of Pontoon Modular Design in Conditions of Super-Low Flow Parameters